[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":845},["ShallowReactive",2],{"header-nav-en":3,"pcb-product-led-pcb-en":335,"resources-index":843},{"pcbManufacturingColumns":4,"capabilityColumns":129,"resourceColumns":165,"pcbaColumns":210},[5,53,82,111],{"heading":6,"links":7},"PCB Product Families",[8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,44,47,50],{"label":9,"path":10},"FR-4 PCB","/pcb/fr4-pcb",{"label":12,"path":13},"High-Speed PCB","/pcb/high-speed-pcb",{"label":15,"path":16},"Multilayer PCB","/pcb/multilayer-pcb",{"label":18,"path":19},"HDI PCB","/pcb/hdi-pcb",{"label":21,"path":22},"Flexible PCB","/pcb/flex-pcb",{"label":24,"path":25},"Rigid Flex PCB","/pcb/rigid-flex-pcb",{"label":27,"path":28},"Ceramic PCB","/pcb/ceramic-pcb",{"label":30,"path":31},"Heavy Copper PCB","/pcb/heavy-copper-pcb",{"label":33,"path":34},"High Thermal PCB","/pcb/high-thermal-pcb",{"label":36,"path":37},"Antenna PCB","/pcb/antenna-pcb",{"label":39,"path":40},"High Frequency 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UAV","/industries/drone-uav-pcb",{"label":321,"path":322},"Industrial Control & Automation","/industries/industrial-control-pcb",{"label":324,"path":325},"Power & New Energy","/industries/power-energy-pcb",{"label":327,"path":328},"Robotics & Automation","/industries/robotics-pcb",{"label":330,"path":331},"Security / Security Equipment","/industries/security-equipment-pcb",{"label":333,"path":334},"PCB Industry Overview →","/pcb-industry-solutions",{"seo":336,"hero":396,"trustBar":411,"sections":428,"testimonials":429,"faqs":430,"closingCta":437,"template":438,"layout":439,"modern":440,"qualityCost":744,"qualityCards":754,"costOptimizationCards":800,"newpageBody":437},{"title":337,"description":338,"canonical":339,"structuredData":340},"LED PCB Board Manufacturer | Aluminum LED Light Circuit Board | APTPCB","Custom LED PCB manufacturer: aluminum-base LED light circuit boards, 1.0–3.0 W/m·K thermal dielectric, reflective white solder mask, and turnkey LED assembly.","https://aptpcb.com/en/pcb/led-pcb",[341,349,356,371],{"@context":342,"@type":343,"name":337,"url":339,"description":338,"inLanguage":344,"isPartOf":345},"https://schema.org","WebPage","en-US",{"@type":346,"name":347,"url":348},"WebSite","APTPCB","https://aptpcb.com/",{"@context":342,"@type":350,"name":351,"serviceType":352,"provider":353,"url":339,"description":355},"Service","LED PCB manufacturing (aluminum and copper base LED boards)","LED PCB manufacturing",{"@type":354,"name":347,"url":348},"Organization","Fabrication of high thermal conductivity aluminum and copper core LED circuit boards for automotive, industrial, and architectural lighting.",{"@context":342,"@type":357,"itemListElement":358},"BreadcrumbList",[359,364,368],{"@type":360,"position":361,"name":362,"item":363},"ListItem",1,"Home","https://aptpcb.com/en/",{"@type":360,"position":365,"name":366,"item":367},2,"PCB","https://aptpcb.com/en/pcb",{"@type":360,"position":369,"name":370,"item":339},3,"LED PCB",{"@context":342,"@type":372,"mainEntity":373},"FAQPage",[374,380,384,388,392],{"@type":375,"name":376,"acceptedAnswer":377},"Question","What is an LED PCB board?",{"@type":378,"text":379},"Answer","An LED PCB is a printed circuit board built to carry surface-mount LEDs and move their heat into a metal backing plate or heatsink. Most use an aluminum base bonded through a thin thermally conductive dielectric to the copper circuit — a construction also called an insulated metal substrate.",{"@type":375,"name":381,"acceptedAnswer":382},"Why is aluminum the most common base for LED light circuit boards?",{"@type":378,"text":383},"Aluminum (5052 or 6061 alloy) delivers the optimal balance of high thermal conductivity (138–205 W/m·K), low weight, structural rigidity, and cost-effectiveness compared to copper or ceramic substrates.",{"@type":375,"name":385,"acceptedAnswer":386},"What dielectric thermal conductivity is recommended for LED circuit boards?",{"@type":378,"text":387},"For standard architectural and commercial lighting (0.5W to 1W LEDs), 1.0 to 1.5 W/m·K dielectrics are typical. For high-flux automotive headlamps, stadium lighting, or horticultural LED luminaires, specify 2.0 to 3.0 W/m·K high-performance thermal prepregs.",{"@type":375,"name":389,"acceptedAnswer":390},"Why use white reflective solder mask on LED circuit boards?",{"@type":378,"text":391},"A specialized non-yellowing white solder mask reflects up to 85–90% of emitted light back into the optical path, increasing total lumen output and preventing discoloration caused by intense thermal and UV radiation.",{"@type":375,"name":393,"acceptedAnswer":394},"Can APTPCB assemble and solder the LEDs onto the boards?",{"@type":378,"text":395},"Yes. APTPCB provides complete turnkey SMT assembly for LED boards, including precision solder paste stencil deposition, vacuum reflow to minimize voiding (\u003C 10%), and testing of single-color and multi-channel RGBW arrays.",{"title":397,"eyebrow":398,"description":399,"primaryCta":400,"secondaryCta":403,"image":406,"highlights":407},"LED PCB Board Manufacturer for High-Power Lighting Arrays","ALUMINUM AND COPPER-BASE LED BOARDS","APTPCB manufactures LED PCBs on aluminum and copper bases for lighting arrays, LED strips, COB modules, high-bay fixtures and automotive lamps. Tell us the LED power map, working voltage and mounting, and engineering confirms the base metal, dielectric and stackup before any material is cut.",{"label":401,"to":402},"Request LED board feasibility review","/en/quote",{"label":404,"to":405},"See the LED board RFQ checklist","#rfq","/assets/img/products/led-pcb-hero.webp",[408,409,410],"Aluminum or copper base selected per project","Isolation defined from working voltage","Lot evidence agreed before fabrication",[412,416,420,424],{"label":413,"value":414,"description":415},"Base metal","Aluminum or copper","Selected from the power map and mounting.",{"label":417,"value":418,"description":419},"Dielectric","Grade + thickness","Reviewed together with working voltage.",{"label":421,"value":422,"description":423},"Isolation","Per working voltage","Creepage, clearance and withstand are project inputs.",{"label":425,"value":426,"description":427},"Lot release","RFQ-defined records","Tests, sampling and reports agreed before build.",[],[],[431,433,434,435,436],{"q":376,"a":432},"An LED PCB — also called an LED light PCB board or an LED printed circuit board — is a printed circuit board built to carry surface-mount LEDs and move their heat into a metal backing plate or heatsink. Most use an aluminum base bonded through a thin thermally conductive dielectric to the copper circuit — a construction also called an insulated metal substrate.",{"q":381,"a":383},{"q":385,"a":387},{"q":389,"a":391},{"q":393,"a":395},null,"modern","product-modern",{"pageType":441,"hideLegacySections":442,"navLinks":443,"hero":460,"heroChips":469,"heroStats":474,"introSection":487,"richSections":492,"heroCoverage":520,"heroProcess":546,"heroCapabilities":577,"qualityAssurance":642,"industryApplications":664,"trustBar":683,"faq":688,"faqItems":691,"quoteCta":719},"pcb",true,[444,447,450,453,455,458],{"label":445,"href":446},"Overview","#top",{"label":448,"href":449},"Aluminum vs copper","#capabilities",{"label":451,"href":452},"Process","#turnkey-process",{"label":454,"href":405},"RFQ",{"label":456,"href":457},"Price drivers","#quality",{"label":205,"href":459},"#faq",{"brand":347,"eyebrow":398,"title":461,"description":399,"note":462,"primaryCta":463,"secondaryCta":465,"image":466},"LED PCB Manufacturer for Aluminum and Copper-Base Lighting Boards","Base metal, dielectric and evidence plan confirmed at DFM review",{"label":401,"source":464},"hero-led",{"label":404,"to":405},{"src":467,"alt":468,"plain":442},"/assets/img/blogs/2025/07/led-lighting-pcb.webp","Aluminum-base LED light circuit board with reflective white solder mask",[470,471,472,473],"Aluminum-base and copper-base LED boards","Dielectric chosen with working voltage","DFM before material is committed","Lot records agreed in the RFQ",{"title":475,"description":476,"stats":477},"What an LED PCB manufacturer has to get right","Three checks decide whether an LED board quote turns into a luminaire that holds lumen output over life.",[478,480,483],{"value":413,"label":414,"description":479},"Aluminum covers most LED and power boards. Copper is for concentrated heat where aluminum leaves no margin.",{"value":417,"label":481,"description":482},"Conductivity and thickness","A thinner or more conductive layer lowers thermal resistance but has to hold the working voltage.",{"value":484,"label":485,"description":486},"Evidence","Agreed before build","Electrical, withstand, dimensional and microsection records are listed in the RFQ, not added after shipment.",{"title":488,"paragraphs":489},"What does an LED PCB manufacturer do differently from an FR-4 shop?",[490,491],"An LED board is laminated, drilled and routed with a metal backing inside the stack, so the fabricator controls dielectric thickness, hole isolation from the base, burrs on machined strip edges and flatness of long panels. These are the points where LED board lots fail, and none of them show up in an FR-4 quote.","APTPCB reviews the stackup and isolation rules before release, then builds and inspects to the approved drawing. The parameter limits we work to, including dielectric range, copper weights, trace and space, and hole rules, are listed on the \u003Ca href=\"/en/capabilities/metal-pcb\">capabilities page with dielectric, thickness and tolerance tables\u003C/a>.",[493,500,513],{"id":494,"eyebrow":495,"title":496,"paragraphs":497},"selection","BEFORE YOU CHOOSE A SUBSTRATE","Is an insulated metal substrate the right LED board, or do you need another thermal route?",[498,499],"An aluminum-base LED board fits when heat should go straight through the board into a heatsink or fixture housing and the LED circuit lives on one or two copper layers. If the design needs dense multilayer routing, a single hotspot under one COB array, or ceramic-level temperature and isolation, \u003Ca href=\"/en/pcb/high-thermal-pcb\">compare the ceramic, heavy copper and copper coin options in the high thermal conductivity PCB guide\u003C/a> first.","For LED-specific tradeoffs, read \u003Ca href=\"/en/blog/metal-core-pcb-led\">aluminum vs copper base selection for LED boards\u003C/a> and \u003Ca href=\"/en/blog/aluminum-pcb\">when an aluminum PCB is the right choice for LED and power designs\u003C/a>. The parent \u003Ca href=\"/en/pcb/metal-core-pcb\">metal core PCB\u003C/a> page covers the full construction family.",{"id":501,"eyebrow":502,"title":503,"paragraphs":504,"listItems":506},"rfq","RFQ CHECKLIST","What files does an LED PCB quote need?",[505],"A complete package lets engineering quote the right base metal and dielectric the first time. Missing working voltage, LED power map or mounting details are the usual reason an LED board quote comes back with questions.",[507,508,509,510,511,512],"\u003Cstrong>Fabrication data:\u003C/strong> Gerber or ODB++, NC drill, fabrication drawing with revision, outline, V-score or tab routing for long LED strips, panel dimensions and quantity.","\u003Cstrong>Stackup:\u003C/strong> base metal and alloy, base thickness, dielectric material or acceptable substitutes, dielectric thickness, and copper weight.","\u003Cstrong>Thermal inputs:\u003C/strong> component power map, duty cycle, ambient, airflow, heatsink or chassis, TIM and mounting pressure.","\u003Cstrong>Electrical safety:\u003C/strong> working and transient voltage, creepage, clearance, and the withstand test you need.","\u003Cstrong>Finish and assembly:\u003C/strong> surface finish, solder mask color (white is common for LED boards), reflow profile, and carrier needs.","\u003Cstrong>Release evidence:\u003C/strong> electrical test, withstand test, dimensions, flatness, microsection, CoC and any customer report format.",{"id":514,"eyebrow":515,"title":516,"paragraphs":517},"why-aptpcb","WHY APTPCB","Why work with APTPCB as your LED PCB supplier?",[518,519],"Among LED PCB board suppliers and LED circuit board manufacturers, you get an engineering review of base metal, dielectric and isolation before the order is released, not a price matched to a W/m·K number. Substitutions, test scope and report formats are agreed in writing, so the lot that arrives matches the LED board that was approved.","The same team quotes FR-4, heavy copper and ceramic builds, which keeps the architecture comparison honest when an insulated metal substrate is not the cheapest way to meet the thermal target. Assembly profiles and thermal interface choices can be reviewed together with the board; see \u003Ca href=\"/en/blog/thermal-interface-material-selection\">thermal interface material selection for PCB assemblies\u003C/a>.",{"eyebrow":521,"title":522,"description":523,"items":524,"media":537},"WHERE THE HEAT GOES","Three interfaces decide how hot an LED assembly runs","The board is one link in the LED heat path. Each interface below is reviewed against the power map before the stackup is frozen.",[525,529,533],{"title":526,"description":527,"icon":528},"LED thermal pad to copper","Thermal pad size under the LED, solder coverage, copper area, and via-in-pad or thermal vias where the package allows set how much heat reaches the dielectric. On a circuit board with LED packages, each LED on PCB lands sits over copper sized for the datasheet, and an LED for PCB mounting always ends on metal, never on bare laminate.","cpu",{"title":530,"description":531,"icon":532},"Copper through the dielectric","Dielectric thickness and conductivity set thermal resistance, and the same layer carries the isolation requirement.","layers",{"title":534,"description":535,"icon":536},"Base to heatsink","Flatness, surface finish of the metal, TIM, fasteners and pressure decide how well the base dumps heat.","activity",{"src":538,"alt":539,"label":540,"description":541,"tags":542},"/assets/img/pcb/high-thermal/pcb-high-thermal-pcb-thermal-path-pcb-fabrication-and-assembly.webp","Thermal path from LED package through the board to the heatsink","WHOLE-PATH MODEL","Board fabrication controls one part of the LED thermal chain; the assembled luminaire controls the final junction temperature.",[543,544,545],"Package","LED stackup","TIM and heatsink",{"eyebrow":547,"title":548,"description":549,"steps":550},"LED PCB MANUFACTURING PROCESS","How an LED board order moves from files to shipment","Each step closes one open question before more material or tooling cost is committed.",[551,555,558,562,566,570,573],{"title":552,"description":553,"icon":554},"Review the use case","LED type and wattage, power map, duty cycle, cooling, voltage and mounting are checked against the drawing.","target",{"title":556,"description":557,"icon":532},"Confirm base and dielectric","Aluminum or copper base, alloy, dielectric grade and thickness are fixed, with approved substitutes.",{"title":559,"description":560,"icon":561},"Close DFM and isolation","Hole-to-base isolation, keep-outs, creepage, clearance, outline and panel plan are approved.","settings",{"title":563,"description":564,"icon":565},"Laminate, image and etch","Circuit copper is bonded to the dielectric and metal base, then imaged and etched to the approved rules.","factory",{"title":567,"description":568,"icon":569},"Machine and finish","Drilling, routing or V-score through the metal base, burr control on long strip edges, white solder mask and surface finish.","file-check",{"title":571,"description":572,"icon":536},"Test and inspect","Electrical test, withstand test where specified, dimensions, flatness and microsections per the plan.",{"title":574,"description":575,"icon":576},"Release the lot","Records are checked against the purchase order, then the lot ships with the agreed documents.","check-circle",{"eyebrow":578,"title":579,"description":580,"specGroups":581,"environment":622,"images":625},"SELECTION MATRIX","Aluminum vs copper base LED boards: which should you order?","Start with aluminum for LED strips, arrays and luminaires. Move to copper only when the LED wattage and thermal path show aluminum cannot hold the junction temperature target with margin.",[582,597,608],{"title":583,"items":584},"Aluminum-base LED board",[585,588,591,594],{"label":586,"value":587},"Typical use","LED strips, arrays, COB and luminaires",{"label":589,"value":590},"Base alloy","Al 5052 / 6061",{"label":592,"value":593},"Dielectric conductivity quoted","1.0–3.0 W/m·K",{"label":595,"value":596},"Tradeoff","Lower weight and cost; less local spreading",{"title":598,"items":599},"Copper-base LED board",[600,602,604,606],{"label":586,"value":601},"High-flux COB, automotive headlamps, dense power arrays",{"label":589,"value":603},"Cu C11000",{"label":592,"value":605},"3.0–8.0 W/m·K (premium dielectric)",{"label":595,"value":607},"More spreading; higher weight, machining and material cost",{"title":609,"items":610},"Reconsider a metal-base board when",[611,614,617,619],{"label":612,"value":613},"Routing","More than two copper layers are needed",{"label":615,"value":616},"Hotspot","One LED or COB carries most of the heat",{"label":421,"value":618},"Working voltage needs a thicker dielectric than the thermal target allows",{"label":620,"value":621},"Temperature","Ceramic-level operating range is required",{"title":623,"description":624},"Who owns what","APTPCB builds and inspects the LED board to the approved drawing and stackup. Junction temperature, photometric output and system safety approval stay with the product owner, because they depend on the LED, optics, cooling and enclosure outside the board.",[626,632,637],{"src":627,"alt":628,"label":629,"title":630,"description":631,"tall":442},"/assets/img/blogs/2025/07/led-pcb-assembly.webp","Aluminum-base LED board used in a thermally managed lighting assembly","APPLICATION INPUT","The LED load decides the base metal","Aluminum or copper is chosen from the LED wattage and power map, not from a catalog default.",{"src":633,"alt":634,"label":635,"description":636},"/assets/img/pcb/common/pcb-validation-thermal.webp","Thermal measurement during PCB validation","MEASUREMENT","State the sensor, method, load, boundary conditions and acceptance limit.",{"src":638,"alt":639,"label":640,"description":641},"/assets/img/pcb/common/pcb-validation-documentation.webp","PCB lot documentation and inspection records","RELEASE","Evidence is useful when it maps to the approved drawing and purchase requirements.",{"eyebrow":643,"title":644,"description":645,"certifications":646,"cards":650},"QUALITY RECORDS","Which inspection records ship with an LED board lot?","Records are listed in the RFQ so the lot is released against the same criteria the design was approved to.",[647,648,649],"IPC-6012: rigid PCB qualification and performance","IPC-A-600: board acceptability","ASTM D5470: material or coupon thermal method",[651,655,659],{"title":652,"description":653,"icon":532,"color":654},"Before release","Stackup, dielectric grade, isolation rules and drawing revision approved and frozen.","emerald",{"title":656,"description":657,"icon":561,"color":658},"During the build","Material identity, lamination, etch, machining and finish controlled to the traveler.","sky",{"title":660,"description":661,"icon":662,"color":663},"At shipment","Electrical, withstand, dimensional and microsection records checked against the purchase order.","shield","amber",{"title":665,"description":666,"cards":667},"Where LED boards are ordered most","Each application points to a starting base metal; the LED power map confirms it. Whether the drawing says circuit board LED, PCB board LED, PCB LED board, or LED PCB circuit board, the quote covers the same construction — for round boards carrying PCB LED lights, call out the LED PCB diameter and hole pattern, and a PCB for LED lights follows the same base-metal choice. LED PCB board manufacturers differ mainly in how they prove that construction.",[668,672,676,680],{"icon":669,"title":670,"description":671},"lightbulb","LED strips and linear arrays","Aluminum base with a reflective white solder mask is the usual starting point for long LED strips, backlight bars and linear fixtures.",{"icon":673,"title":674,"description":675},"zap","COB and high-power arrays","High-flux COB modules and dense LED arrays are quoted aluminum or copper depending on the power map and spreading needed.",{"icon":677,"title":678,"description":679},"car","High-bay and outdoor lighting","High-bay, street and stadium luminaires run sustained loads where the thermal margin decides base metal and dielectric.",{"icon":565,"title":681,"description":682},"Automotive and signal lighting","Headlamps and signal modules where vibration, temperature cycling and transients are part of system approval.",[684,685,686,687],{"label":413,"value":414,"description":415},{"label":417,"value":418,"description":419},{"label":421,"value":422,"description":423},{"label":425,"value":426,"description":427},{"title":689,"description":690},"LED PCB manufacturer FAQ","Questions lighting engineers and buyers ask before ordering LED boards.",[692,695,699,703,707,711,715],{"id":693,"question":376,"answer":694},"led-faq-1","An LED PCB — also called an LED light PCB, an LED light PCB board, or an LED printed circuit board — is a printed circuit board built to carry surface-mount LEDs and move their heat into a backing plate or heatsink. A circuit board for LED lights bonds the copper circuit to a thin thermally conductive dielectric on an aluminum base. The final LED temperature still depends on the package, solder joint, TIM, mounting and airflow.",{"id":696,"question":697,"answer":698},"led-faq-2","Should I choose an aluminum or copper base?","Start with aluminum for LED, power supply and motor drive boards; it is lighter and cheaper. Choose copper when the thermal model shows concentrated heat that aluminum cannot handle with margin, and accept the extra weight, machining and material cost.",{"id":700,"question":701,"answer":702},"led-faq-3","When is FR-4 with thermal vias a better choice for LED boards?","When the design needs dense multilayer routing or plated through-holes everywhere, and the LED or driver has an exposed pad that can tie into copper planes. FR-4 with thermal vias keeps routing flexibility for control circuitry; an aluminum-base board moves LED heat into a metal plate with simpler routing.",{"id":704,"question":705,"answer":706},"led-faq-4","Does a higher W/m·K dielectric always run cooler?","No. Thermal resistance also depends on dielectric thickness, copper area, the test method behind the datasheet value and the interface to the heatsink. Compare the exact construction, and remember the dielectric thickness is also limited by the working voltage.",{"id":708,"question":709,"answer":710},"led-faq-5","What drives the price of an LED circuit board?","Base metal (copper costs more than aluminum), dielectric grade and thickness, copper weight, machining through the metal (routing, slots, countersinks, V-score of long strips), surface finish, flatness requirements and the test and report package. Premium dielectric without a proven thermal bottleneck is the most common avoidable cost.",{"id":712,"question":713,"answer":714},"led-faq-6","What files are needed for an LED PCB quote?","Gerber or ODB++, drill file, fabrication drawing, stackup with base metal and dielectric, copper weight, working voltage with creepage and clearance, LED power map and cooling details, strip or panel outline and machining, finish, solder mask color, quantity and the inspection records you need.",{"id":716,"question":717,"answer":718},"led-faq-7","What records can ship with each LED board lot?","Depending on the agreed plan: material identification, stackup confirmation, electrical test results, dielectric withstand records, dimensional and flatness checks, microsections, surface-finish data and a certificate of conformity.",{"eyebrow":720,"title":721,"description":722,"bullets":723,"secondaryLabel":727,"secondaryLink":402,"form":728},"REQUEST AN LED PCB QUOTE","Get your LED board quoted with the base metal confirmed","Upload the fabrication package with the LED power map, working voltage and mounting details. Engineering confirms aluminum or copper base, dielectric, isolation and the lot records before pricing.",[724,725,726],"Aluminum or copper base recommendation","DFM review of isolation, holes and machining","Inspection and release records agreed up front","Open the full quote form",{"fields":729,"cta":742,"uploadLabel":743},[730,733,737,739],{"label":731,"placeholder":732},"Name","Your name",{"label":734,"placeholder":735,"type":736},"Work email","name@company.com","email",{"label":738,"placeholder":738},"Company",{"label":740,"placeholder":741},"Primary requirement","Power map, stackup, working voltage, cooling and quantity","Request LED PCB quote","Upload Gerber/ODB++, drawing and stackup",{"sectionEyebrow":745,"sectionTitle":746,"sectionSubtitle":747,"qualityEyebrow":748,"qualityTitle":749,"qualitySubtitle":750,"costEyebrow":751,"costTitle":752,"costSubtitle":753},"PRICE AND RECORDS","What drives LED board price, and what you get back","Cost and evidence are set by the same stackup decisions, so they are reviewed together.","Quality","Evidence that maps to the approved requirement","A report is useful only when its method, sample and acceptance limit are defined.","Cost","Use premium thermal structures only where the model needs them","Avoid paying for high-conductivity materials or local structures without a defined bottleneck.",[755,777],{"title":756,"category":748,"eyebrow":757,"description":758,"items":759,"detail":771},"Records before release","Before artwork release","The system assumptions are translated into a manufacturable and testable board definition.",[760,763,766,768],{"label":761,"value":762,"emphasis":442},"Architecture","Option compared",{"label":764,"value":765},"Stackup","Material and thickness",{"label":421,"value":767},"Use conditions defined",{"label":769,"value":770},"Interfaces","Mounting and TIM stated",{"title":772,"items":773},"What is closed",[774,775,776],"Power map, ambient, cooling and target temperatures.","Dielectric, copper, base metal, routing and machining.","Working voltage, creepage, clearance and validation boundary.",{"title":778,"category":748,"eyebrow":779,"description":780,"items":781,"detail":794},"Records at shipment","Before shipment","The ordered evidence is compared with the drawing, stackup and purchase requirements.",[782,785,788,791],{"label":783,"value":784,"emphasis":442},"Electrical test","Per approved plan",{"label":786,"value":787},"Dielectric test","Method and limits",{"label":789,"value":790},"Mechanical","Dimensions and flatness",{"label":792,"value":793},"Documentation","As ordered",{"title":795,"items":796},"Possible evidence",[797,798,799],"Material identification and approved stackup.","Electrical, withstand, dimensional and microsection records when specified.","Certificate of conformity and traceability documents requested before build.",[801,823],{"title":802,"category":751,"eyebrow":803,"description":804,"items":805,"detail":817},"LED board cost drivers","Construction","Price follows base metal, dielectric, machining and the test package more than the conductivity number.",[806,808,811,814],{"label":413,"value":807,"emphasis":442},"Copper > aluminum",{"label":809,"value":810},"Copper and routing","By layer",{"label":812,"value":813},"Metal machining","Outline and holes",{"label":815,"value":816},"Test package","By risk",{"title":818,"items":819},"What raises cost",[820,821,822],"Premium dielectric without a demonstrated thermal bottleneck.","Tight routing, complex insulated holes, local coins or demanding flatness.","Special reports or tests added after material and tooling are committed.",{"title":824,"category":751,"eyebrow":761,"description":825,"items":826,"detail":837},"How to lower LED board cost","Use the simplest construction that meets the thermal and isolation targets.",[827,829,832,835],{"label":761,"value":828,"emphasis":442},"Compare alternatives",{"label":830,"value":831},"Material","Approved substitutions",{"label":833,"value":834},"Panel and machining","Standardized where possible",{"label":484,"value":836},"Qualification vs production",{"title":838,"items":839},"Useful levers",[840,841,842],"Use FR-4 thermal vias or a local copper structure when the heat path is concentrated.","Standardize outline, mounting, finish and material families across related assemblies.","Separate qualification evidence from routine lot release when the risk plan permits.",{"downloads":844},[],1791587096774]